Marc: partly this was meant to be funny; but the serious context was that we did a kind of social portfolio practice (we humans) back when books were rare and many people shared the books and added "marginalia," that is, reflections, on the text. Others responded to the marginalia. The book at that time was called a "folio." So, by passing around a bound book and writing in the margins, the monks demonstrated an impulse toward reflection in a social context a thousand years ago. The printed book put an end to that and made knowledge seem not social and above comment by readers. The printed book, as a temporary stage in understanding how human's actually create knowledge, was in some ways a regressive step (although it was also a massively forward step too). The distorted concept of how knowledge actually occurs because of the printed book remains with us and prevents, to some extent, educational reform from gaining traction.

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